#bp-research{--bp-ink:#142039;--bp-muted:#546179;--bp-blue:#2455e6;--bp-light:#eef3ff;--bp-coral:#ba3f3d;--bp-rule:#dce2ed;--bp-paper:#fff;--bp-soft:#f6f8fc;--bp-serif:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;--bp-sans:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:var(--bp-ink);background:var(--bp-paper);font:18px/1.76 var(--bp-sans);text-align:left;isolation:isolate;overflow-wrap:break-word;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}#bp-research *,#bp-research :after,#bp-research :before{box-sizing:border-box}#bp-research :where(h1,h2,h3,p,figure,dl,dd,ol,ul){margin:0}#bp-research :where(a){color:var(--bp-blue);text-underline-offset:.22em;text-decoration-thickness:1px}#bp-research :where(a:hover){text-decoration-thickness:2px}#bp-research :where(button,input,summary,a):focus-visible{outline:3px solid #f0a233;outline-offset:4px}#bp-research :where(button,input){font:inherit}#bp-research :where(button){cursor:pointer}#bp-research :where(svg){display:block;max-width:100%;overflow:visible;font-family:var(--bp-sans)}#bp-research :where(svg text){font-family:var(--bp-sans);fill:var(--bp-muted);font-size:12px}#bp-research :where(svg path,svg line,svg polyline){vector-effect:non-scaling-stroke}#bp-research :where(section[id]){scroll-margin-top:32px}#bp-research .bp-progress{position:fixed;inset:0 0 auto;height:3px;background:transparent;z-index:30;pointer-events:none}#bp-research .bp-progress span{display:block;width:0;height:100%;background:var(--bp-blue)}#bp-research .bp-header{max-width:1280px;margin:auto;padding:26px 48px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--bp-rule)}#bp-research .bp-brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;color:var(--bp-ink);text-decoration:none;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.3}#bp-research .bp-brand img{border-radius:9px;width:36px;height:36px;object-fit:contain}#bp-research .bp-brand-sub{display:block;color:var(--bp-muted);font-size:11px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:.035em;margin-top:3px}#bp-research .bp-header-link{color:var(--bp-ink);font-size:13px;text-decoration:none}#bp-research .bp-header-link span{margin-left:12px}#bp-research .bp-hero{max-width:1280px;margin:0 auto;padding:74px 48px 0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.03fr;grid-gap:26px 48px;gap:26px 48px}#bp-research h1{font:normal clamp(64px,7.2vw,104px)/.99 var(--bp-serif);letter-spacing:-.055em}#bp-research h1 em{font-weight:400;color:var(--bp-blue)}#bp-research .bp-deck{font-size:20px;line-height:1.6;max-width:480px;margin-top:28px;color:var(--bp-muted)}#bp-research .bp-deck strong{color:var(--bp-ink);font-weight:600;white-space:nowrap}#bp-research .bp-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:5px 16px;color:var(--bp-muted);font-size:11px;line-height:1.5;margin-top:24px}#bp-research .bp-text-link{display:inline-flex;gap:28px;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;margin-top:32px;text-decoration:none}#bp-research .bp-hero-figure{align-self:center;padding:24px 24px 20px;background:#101d37;color:#e9eefb;border-radius:3px;min-width:0}#bp-research .bp-hero-figure svg text{fill:#b5c3df}#bp-research .bp-hero-figure svg{width:100%;height:260px}#bp-research .bp-figure-toolbar{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin-top:10px;font-size:12px;color:#e9eefb}#bp-research .bp-play{background:transparent;border:1px solid #586d96;border-radius:4px;color:#e9eefb;padding:9px 12px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.3;min-height:40px}#bp-research .bp-play:hover{background:#1b3157}#bp-research .bp-hero-figure figcaption{color:#b5c3df;font-size:11px;line-height:1.6;margin-top:18px}#bp-research .bp-hero-stats{grid-column:1/-1;display:flex;gap:64px;padding:30px 0;margin-top:14px;border-top:1px solid var(--bp-rule);border-bottom:1px solid var(--bp-rule);font-size:12px;color:var(--bp-muted);align-items:baseline}#bp-research .bp-hero-stats b{font:normal 30px var(--bp-serif);color:var(--bp-ink);margin-right:8px}#bp-research .bp-body-layout{max-width:1280px;margin:0 auto;padding:72px 48px 0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:182px minmax(0,820px);grid-gap:68px;gap:68px;justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-start}#bp-research .bp-toc{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:28px;padding-top:8px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5}#bp-research .bp-toc p{font-size:10px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.13em;color:var(--bp-muted);margin-bottom:18px}#bp-research .bp-toc ol{list-style:none;padding:0;display:grid;grid-gap:13px;gap:13px}#bp-research .bp-toc a{color:var(--bp-muted);text-decoration:none;border-left:2px solid transparent;padding-left:12px;display:block}#bp-research .bp-toc a[aria-current=location]{color:var(--bp-blue);border-color:var(--bp-blue);font-weight:600}#bp-research .bp-story{min-width:0;max-width:820px}#bp-research .bp-story p{margin:0 0 22px}#bp-research .bp-story .bp-lead{font:normal 27px/1.5 var(--bp-serif);letter-spacing:-.018em;color:var(--bp-ink);margin-bottom:28px}#bp-research .bp-scope{background:var(--bp-light);border-left:3px solid var(--bp-blue);font-size:14px;line-height:1.8;padding:22px 26px;margin-top:34px}#bp-research .bp-scope strong{display:block;margin-bottom:5px;font-weight:650}#bp-research .bp-section{position:relative;padding-top:90px}#bp-research .bp-section-number{display:block;color:var(--bp-blue);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.12em;margin-bottom:16px;line-height:1}#bp-research h2{font:normal 43px/1.14 var(--bp-serif);letter-spacing:-.035em;margin-bottom:30px;max-width:740px;text-wrap:balance}#bp-research h3{font:normal 27px/1.2 var(--bp-serif);letter-spacing:-.02em;color:var(--bp-ink)}#bp-research .bp-equation{display:grid;grid-gap:8px;gap:8px;background:var(--bp-soft);border-left:2px solid #c4d0e8;padding:22px 26px;font-family:var(--bp-serif);font-size:21px;line-height:1.65;margin:32px 0;overflow-x:auto}#bp-research .bp-equation-big{text-align:center;font-size:29px;padding:28px 16px;letter-spacing:-.02em}#bp-research .bp-lab{margin:42px 0;padding:28px 28px 24px;background:var(--bp-soft);border-top:2px solid var(--bp-ink);min-width:0}#bp-research .bp-lab-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-start;gap:20px;margin-bottom:18px}#bp-research .bp-lab-label{display:block;font-size:10px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.11em;color:var(--bp-muted);margin-bottom:8px;line-height:1.5}#bp-research .bp-model-label{font-size:10px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--bp-muted);max-width:150px;text-align:right;padding-top:1px}#bp-research .bp-lab .bp-lab-intro{font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;margin-bottom:24px;color:var(--bp-muted)}#bp-research .bp-controls{display:grid;grid-gap:20px;gap:20px;margin:24px 0 16px}#bp-research .bp-controls-three{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}#bp-research .bp-controls-two{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}#bp-research label{display:block;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;color:var(--bp-ink)}#bp-research output{float:right;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;color:var(--bp-blue);font-feature-settings:"tnum";font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}#bp-research input[type=range]{display:block;width:100%;height:34px;margin:8px 0 0;accent-color:var(--bp-blue);cursor:pointer;touch-action:pan-y}#bp-research .bp-single-control{max-width:460px;margin:18px 0}#bp-research .bp-window-toolbar{display:flex;gap:24px;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}#bp-research .bp-window-toolbar .bp-single-control{flex:1 1;min-width:0}#bp-research .bp-sweep{padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #c8d2e4;background:#fff;color:var(--bp-blue);font-size:11px;line-height:1.4;border-radius:3px;min-height:42px}#bp-research .bp-sweep[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--bp-ink);color:#fff}#bp-research .bp-lab>svg{height:270px;width:100%;margin:16px 0}#bp-research .bp-readouts{display:flex;gap:18px 28px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:16px 0;border-top:1px solid #d7dfed;font-size:10px;color:var(--bp-muted);line-height:1.5}#bp-research .bp-readouts span{flex:1 1;min-width:125px}#bp-research .bp-readouts b{display:block;font-size:19px;font-weight:500;font-feature-settings:"tnum";font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;color:var(--bp-ink);margin-top:5px}#bp-research figcaption{font-size:11px;line-height:1.75;color:var(--bp-muted);margin-top:16px}#bp-research .bp-evidence-figure{margin:40px 0}#bp-research .bp-evidence-figure>h3{margin-bottom:16px}#bp-research .bp-evidence-figure img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}#bp-research .bp-graph-stages,#bp-research .bp-segmented{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:20px}#bp-research .bp-graph-stages button,#bp-research .bp-priority-buttons button,#bp-research .bp-segmented button{font-size:11px;font-weight:500;background:var(--bp-paper);color:var(--bp-ink);border:1px solid #c8d2e4;border-radius:3px;padding:10px 13px;line-height:1.4;min-height:42px}#bp-research .bp-graph-stages button[aria-pressed=true],#bp-research .bp-priority-buttons button[aria-pressed=true],#bp-research .bp-segmented button[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--bp-ink);color:#fff;border-color:var(--bp-ink)}#bp-research .bp-lab .bp-graph-explanation{font-size:13px;line-height:1.75;padding-top:18px;border-top:1px solid var(--bp-rule);margin-bottom:0}#bp-research .bp-correlation-result,#bp-research .bp-governor-result{font-size:13px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.65;margin-top:16px!important;margin-bottom:0!important;color:var(--bp-blue)}#bp-research .bp-math-detail{margin:30px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--bp-rule);border-bottom:1px solid var(--bp-rule);font-size:14px}#bp-research .bp-math-detail summary{padding:18px 0;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;cursor:pointer}#bp-research .bp-math-detail>div{padding:8px 0 2px}#bp-research .bp-math-detail p{font-size:14px}#bp-research .bp-quote{padding:12px 0 12px 28px;margin:36px 0;border-left:3px solid var(--bp-blue)}#bp-research .bp-quote p{font:normal 29px/1.4 var(--bp-serif);letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:0}#bp-research .bp-governor-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 172px;grid-gap:20px;gap:20px;align-items:center;margin:18px 0 0}#bp-research .bp-governor-grid>svg{height:295px;width:100%}#bp-research .bp-priority-buttons{display:grid;grid-gap:8px;gap:8px}#bp-research .bp-small-label{font-size:10px;color:var(--bp-muted);margin-bottom:10px!important;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.1em}#bp-research .bp-governor-values{margin-top:20px}#bp-research .bp-governor-values>div{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:14px;margin:0 0 8px}#bp-research .bp-governor-values dt{font-size:10px;color:var(--bp-muted);line-height:1.5}#bp-research .bp-governor-values dd{font-size:19px;color:var(--bp-ink);font-feature-settings:"tnum";font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;white-space:nowrap}#bp-research .bp-reset{font-size:11px;color:var(--bp-blue);padding:10px 0;background:none;border:0;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px;text-align:left;min-height:44px}#bp-research .bp-table-wrap{overflow-x:auto;margin:36px 0}#bp-research table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13px;line-height:1.7}#bp-research caption{text-align:left;color:var(--bp-muted);font-size:11px;margin-bottom:14px}#bp-research td,#bp-research th{text-align:left;vertical-align:top;padding:17px 15px 17px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--bp-rule)}#bp-research thead th{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--bp-muted);border-bottom:2px solid var(--bp-ink)}#bp-research tbody th{width:26%;font-weight:650}#bp-research td{width:37%}#bp-research .bp-product-section{padding-bottom:42px}#bp-research .bp-product-signoff{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:24px;padding:30px 0;margin:36px 0 0;border-top:1px solid var(--bp-rule);border-bottom:1px solid var(--bp-rule)}#bp-research .bp-product-signoff img{width:64px;height:64px;border-radius:15px;object-fit:contain;flex-shrink:0}#bp-research .bp-product-signoff strong{font-size:21px;line-height:1.3}#bp-research .bp-product-signoff p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;margin:4px 0 8px}#bp-research .bp-product-signoff a{font-size:12px;text-decoration:none}#bp-research .bp-methods{padding-top:48px;border-top:1px solid var(--bp-rule)}#bp-research .bp-methods h2,#bp-research .bp-references h2{font-size:30px}#bp-research .bp-methods p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.85;color:var(--bp-muted)}#bp-research .bp-references{padding-top:42px}#bp-research .bp-references ol{padding-left:22px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.85}#bp-research .bp-references li{padding-left:6px;margin-bottom:20px}#bp-research .bp-references li a{display:inline}#bp-research .bp-endnote{margin-top:30px!important;padding-top:22px}#bp-research .bp-endnote,#bp-research .bp-footer{font-size:11px;color:var(--bp-muted);border-top:1px solid var(--bp-rule)}#bp-research .bp-footer{max-width:1280px;margin:56px auto 0;padding:24px 48px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}#bp-research .bp-footer a{color:var(--bp-muted);text-decoration:none}#bp-research .bp-static-fallback{display:none}#bp-research .bp-static-fallback img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}#bp-research .bp-nojs-note{background:var(--bp-light);padding:12px;font-size:12px}@media(min-width:1500px){#bp-research .bp-hero{padding-top:90px;padding-bottom:0}}@media(max-width:1100px){#bp-research .bp-body-layout{grid-template-columns:150px minmax(0,1fr);gap:42px}#bp-research .bp-hero{gap:24px 32px}#bp-research h1{font-size:84px}#bp-research .bp-deck{font-size:18px}#bp-research .bp-hero-figure{padding:20px}#bp-research .bp-figure-toolbar{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column}#bp-research .bp-hero-stats{gap:38px}}@media(max-width:860px){#bp-research .bp-header{padding:22px 28px}#bp-research .bp-hero{padding:48px 28px 0;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:32px}#bp-research h1{font-size:88px}#bp-research h1 br{display:none}#bp-research h1 em{display:inline}#bp-research h1 em:before{content:" "}#bp-research .bp-deck{max-width:650px}#bp-research .bp-hero-figure{width:100%;max-width:none}#bp-research .bp-hero-figure svg{height:260px}#bp-research .bp-figure-toolbar{flex-direction:row;align-items:center}#bp-research .bp-hero-stats{margin:0;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;padding:24px 0}#bp-research .bp-body-layout{padding:48px 28px 0;display:block}#bp-research .bp-toc{position:static;margin-bottom:44px;padding:0 0 28px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--bp-rule)}#bp-research .bp-toc ol{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));grid-gap:10px 20px;gap:10px 20px}#bp-research .bp-toc li:nth-child(n+7){display:none}#bp-research .bp-toc a{padding-left:0;border:0;font-size:12px}#bp-research .bp-story{max-width:none}#bp-research .bp-section{padding-top:68px}#bp-research .bp-footer{padding:22px 28px}#bp-research .bp-section h2{max-width:700px}}@media(max-width:540px){#bp-research{font-size:16px;line-height:1.85}#bp-research .bp-header{padding:18px 20px}#bp-research .bp-header-link{font-size:11px}#bp-research .bp-header-link span{margin-left:6px}#bp-research .bp-brand{font-size:14px;gap:9px}#bp-research .bp-brand-sub{font-size:9px}#bp-research .bp-brand img{width:32px;height:32px}#bp-research .bp-hero{padding:38px 20px 0;gap:26px}#bp-research h1{font-size:63px;line-height:1.02;letter-spacing:-.06em}#bp-research h1 br{display:block}#bp-research h1 em:before{content:none}#bp-research .bp-deck{font-size:17px;line-height:1.65;margin-top:22px}#bp-research .bp-meta{font-size:10px;gap:6px 12px}#bp-research .bp-text-link{margin-top:24px}#bp-research .bp-hero-figure{padding:18px 14px}#bp-research .bp-hero-figure svg{height:225px}#bp-research .bp-figure-toolbar{font-size:10px;align-items:flex-start}#bp-research .bp-play{font-size:10px;padding:9px 10px;min-height:42px;white-space:nowrap}#bp-research .bp-hero-figure figcaption{font-size:10px}#bp-research .bp-hero-stats{gap:14px;align-items:flex-start;padding:22px 0}#bp-research .bp-hero-stats span{font-size:10px;line-height:1.6;flex:1 1}#bp-research .bp-hero-stats b{display:block;font-size:27px;margin:0 0 3px}#bp-research .bp-body-layout{padding:36px 20px 0}#bp-research .bp-toc{margin-bottom:36px}#bp-research .bp-toc ol{gap:10px 14px}#bp-research .bp-toc p{font-size:9px;margin-bottom:15px}#bp-research .bp-toc a{font-size:11px}#bp-research .bp-story .bp-lead{font-size:24px;line-height:1.5}#bp-research .bp-story p{margin-bottom:22px}#bp-research .bp-scope{font-size:12px;padding:18px;margin-top:28px}#bp-research .bp-section{padding-top:58px}#bp-research h2{font-size:34px;line-height:1.16;margin-bottom:24px;letter-spacing:-.036em}#bp-research .bp-section-number{font-size:10px;margin-bottom:14px}#bp-research h3{font-size:24px}#bp-research .bp-equation{font-size:16px;padding:18px 16px;margin:26px 0;white-space:normal}#bp-research .bp-equation-big{font-size:24px;padding:22px 12px}#bp-research .bp-lab{margin:32px -6px;padding:20px 14px 18px}#bp-research .bp-lab-heading{gap:10px;margin-bottom:14px}#bp-research .bp-lab-label{font-size:9px;max-width:200px}#bp-research .bp-model-label{max-width:95px;font-size:9px}#bp-research .bp-controls-three{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:5px}#bp-research .bp-controls-two{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:8px}#bp-research .bp-controls{margin:18px 0 10px}#bp-research .bp-lab .bp-lab-intro{font-size:12px;margin-bottom:16px}#bp-research .bp-lab>svg{height:240px;margin-top:10px}#bp-research .bp-readouts{gap:12px}#bp-research .bp-readouts span{min-width:95px;font-size:9px}#bp-research .bp-readouts b{font-size:17px}#bp-research figcaption{font-size:10px;line-height:1.8}#bp-research .bp-graph-stages{gap:5px}#bp-research .bp-graph-stages button{font-size:10px;padding:9px 8px;flex:1 1}#bp-research .bp-graph-explanation{font-size:12px!important}#bp-research .bp-architecture>svg{height:470px}#bp-research .bp-segmented{gap:6px}#bp-research .bp-segmented button{font-size:10px;flex:1 1;padding:10px 8px}#bp-research .bp-quote{padding-left:20px;margin:30px 0}#bp-research .bp-quote p{font-size:26px;line-height:1.45}#bp-research .bp-governor-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0}#bp-research .bp-governor-grid>svg{height:290px}#bp-research .bp-governor-side{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;grid-gap:0 18px;gap:0 18px;margin-top:8px}#bp-research .bp-small-label{grid-column:1/-1}#bp-research .bp-governor-values{margin:0}#bp-research .bp-priority-buttons button{font-size:10px;padding:10px 8px}#bp-research .bp-governor-values dd{font-size:18px}#bp-research .bp-governor-values dt{font-size:9px}#bp-research .bp-reset{grid-column:1/-1}#bp-research table{font-size:11px;min-width:450px}#bp-research td,#bp-research th{padding:14px 12px 14px 0}#bp-research .bp-product-signoff{gap:17px;padding:24px 0}#bp-research .bp-product-signoff p{font-size:12px}#bp-research .bp-product-signoff img{width:52px;height:52px}#bp-research .bp-methods{padding-top:36px}#bp-research .bp-methods p{font-size:13px}#bp-research .bp-methods h2,#bp-research .bp-references h2{font-size:29px}#bp-research .bp-references ol{font-size:12px;padding-left:18px}#bp-research .bp-footer{padding:20px;font-size:10px;margin-top:36px;align-items:flex-start}#bp-research .bp-footer a{white-space:nowrap}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){#bp-research *,#bp-research :after,#bp-research :before{animation:none!important;transition:none!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important}}@media print{#bp-research{font-size:11pt;color:#000}#bp-research .bp-progress,#bp-research .bp-text-link,#bp-research .bp-toc,#bp-research button,#bp-research input[type=range]{display:none!important}#bp-research .bp-body-layout{display:block;padding:24px 0}#bp-research .bp-story{max-width:none}#bp-research .bp-hero{display:block;padding:20px 0}#bp-research h1{font-size:48pt}#bp-research h1 br{display:none}#bp-research .bp-hero-figure{margin-top:28px;background:#fff;color:#000;border:1px solid #ddd}#bp-research .bp-hero-figure svg text{fill:#333}#bp-research .bp-hero-figure svg .bp-input-line{stroke:#777}#bp-research .bp-figure-toolbar,#bp-research .bp-hero-figure figcaption{color:#333}#bp-research .bp-section{padding-top:34px}#bp-research h2{font-size:25pt}#bp-research .bp-lab{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;background:#fafafa}#bp-research .bp-footer,#bp-research .bp-header{padding:16px 0}#bp-research details>div{display:block!important}#bp-research .bp-table-wrap{overflow:visible}#bp-research table{min-width:0;font-size:9pt}#bp-research .bp-hero-stats{margin-top:24px}#bp-research .bp-meta{font-size:8pt}#bp-research .bp-scope{border-color:#333;background:#fafafa}}#bp-research .bp-breadcrumb{max-width:1280px;margin:auto;padding:24px 48px 0;font:12px/1.7 var(--bp-sans);color:var(--bp-muted);display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap}@media(max-width:900px){#bp-research .bp-breadcrumb{padding:20px 28px 0}}@media(max-width:540px){#bp-research .bp-breadcrumb{padding:18px 20px 0;font-size:11px}}main.memoryArticleMain{max-width:none;padding:0;margin:0}@media print{#bp-research .bp-hero-figure svg text{fill:#333!important}#bp-research .bp-hero-figure svg path:not(.bp-input-line){stroke:#2455e6}body:has(main.memoryArticleMain) [role=dialog][aria-label="Cookie consent"],body:has(main.memoryArticleMain) a[href="#bass-plus-content"]{display:none!important}}